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viernes, 28 de enero de 2011

Las neuronas de la empatía

       En esta breve conferencia de VS Ramachandran, se considera el papel de la neuronas espejo en la formación de la sociedad, la esencia de nuestro aprendizaje es la imitación, y nacemos con un aparato instintivo básico y  un sistema cognitivo-conductual "en blanco", asimilamos rápidamente conocimientos y conducta a través de este sistema de neuronas espejo, que por otra parte es fundamental para el desarrollo de la empatía que conforma una piedra angular de lo que ahora se conoce como inteligencia emocional que se expresa esencialmente en los sentimientos compasivos hacia el entorno y cuya carencia suele observarse en el autismo y la sociopatía.


Les dejo con un artículo en el que el Dr Ramachandran es coautor:

The human mirror neuron system: A link between action observation and social skills Lindsay M. Oberman, Jaime A. Pineda, and Vilayanur S. Ramachandran Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2007 March; 2(1): 62–66. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsl022.




Saludos cordiales/Gustavo

jueves, 27 de enero de 2011

Improved spatial learning performance of fat-1 mice is associated with enhanced neurogenesis and neuritogenesis by docosahexaenoic acid


Chengwei Hea, Xiying Qua, Libin Cuib, Jingdong Wanga, and Jing X. Kanga,1
aDepartment of Medicine and bDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
Communicated by Alexander Leaf, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, May 20, 2009 (received for review January 5, 2009)









Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA), highly enriched in the central nervous system, is critical for brain development and function. It has been shown that DHA deficiency impairs cognitive performance whereas DHA supplementation improves the condition. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of DHA in brain development and function remain to be elucidated. By using transgenic fat-1 mice rich in endogenous n-3 PUFA, we show that increased brain DHA significantly enhances hippocampal neurogenesis shown by an increased number of proliferating neurons and neuritogenesis, evidenced by increased density of dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus.
Concurrently, fat-1 mice exhibit a better spatial learning performance in the Morris water maze compared with control WT littermates. In vitro experiments further demonstrate that DHA promotes differentiation and neurite outgrowth of neuronal cells derived from mouse ES cells and increases the proliferation of cells undergoing differentiation into neuronal lineages from the ES cells. These results together provide direct evidence for a promoting effect of DHA on neurogenesis and neuritogenesis and suggest that this effect may be a mechanism underlying its beneficial effect on behavioral performance. 

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 July 7; 106(27): 11370–11375. Published online 2009 June 22. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0904835106.  LINK ABAJO

Omega-3 y neurogenesis



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1:
Omega-3 fatty acids upregulate adult neurogenesis
Barbara S. Beltz, Michael F. Tlusty, Jeannie L. Benton, and David C. Sandeman
Neurosci Lett. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2007 June 15.
PMCID: PMC1892224
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Lett. 2007 March 26; 415(2): 154–158. Published online 2007 January 7. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.01.010.
Manuscript: | Abstract | Full Text | PDF–102K |
2:
Omega-3 fatty acids: potential role in the management of early Alzheimer's disease
Gregory A Jicha and William R Markesbery
Clin Interv Aging. 2010; 5: 45–61. Published online 2010 April 7.
PMCID: PMC2854051
3:
N-3 (Omega-3) Fatty Acids in Postpartum Depression: Implications for Prevention and Treatment
Beth Levant
Depress Res Treat. 2011; 2011: 467349. Published online 2010 October 27. doi: 10.1155/2011/467349.
PMCID: PMC2989696
4:
Transgenic fat-1 mouse as a model to study the pathophysiology of cardiovascular, neurological and psychiatric disorders
Undurti N Das and László G Puskás
Lipids Health Dis. 2009; 8: 61. Published online 2009 December 30. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-8-61.
PMCID: PMC2811702
5:
Adult neurogenesis and cell cycle regulation in the crustacean olfactory pathway: from glial precursors to differentiated neurons
Jeremy M. Sullivan, David C. Sandeman, Jeanne L. Benton, and Barbara S. Beltz
J Mol Histol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 August 12.
PMCID: PMC2725433
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Histol. 2007 December; 38(6): 527–542. Published online 2007 July 10. doi: 10.1007/s10735-007-9112-7.
Manuscript: | Abstract | Full Text | PDF–2.9M |
6:
Improved spatial learning performance of fat-1 mice is associated with enhanced neurogenesis and neuritogenesis by docosahexaenoic acid
Chengwei He, Xiying Qu, Libin Cui, Jingdong Wang, and Jing X. Kang
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 July 7; 106(27): 11370–11375. Published online 2009 June 22. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0904835106.
PMCID: PMC2708766
7:
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Doris Stangl and Sandrine Thuret
Genes Nutr. 2009 December; 4(4): 271–282. Published online 2009 August 15. doi: 10.1007/s12263-009-0134-5.
PMCID: PMC2775886
8:
Effects of Enriched Physical and Social Environments on Motor Performance, Associative Learning, and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice
Noelia Madroñal, Cristina López-Aracil, Alejandra Rangel, José A. del Río, José M. Delgado-García, and Agnès Gruart
PLoS One. 2010; 5(6): e11130. Published online 2010 June 15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011130.
PMCID: PMC2886110
9:
REDUCED NUMBERS OF DOPAMINE NEURONS IN THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA PARS COMPACTA AND VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA OF RATS FED AN N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID-DEFICIENT DIET: A STEREOLOGICAL STUDY
S. Omar Ahmad, JiHyuk Park, Jeffery D. Radel, and Beth Levant
Neurosci Lett. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 June 27.
PMCID: PMC2493469
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Lett. 2008 June 27; 438(3): 303–307. Published online 2008 April 25. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.073.
Manuscript: | Abstract | Full Text | PDF–1.8M |
10:
The Neurobiology of Retinoic Acid in Affective Disorders
J Douglas Bremner and Peter McCaffery
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 July 1.
PMCID: PMC2704911
Published in final edited form as: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008 February 15; 32(2): 315–331. Published online 2007 July 10. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.07.001.
Manuscript: | Abstract | Full Text | PDF–253K |
11:
Robust Docosahexaenoic Acid-Mediated Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Ludmila Belayev, Larissa Khoutorova, Kristal D. Atkins, and Nicolas G. Bazan
Stroke. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 September 1.
PMCID: PMC2745047
Published in final edited form as: Stroke. 2009 September; 40(9): 3121–3126. Published online 2009 June 18. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.555979.
Manuscript: | Abstract | Full Text | PDF–2.5M |
12:
Complementary and alternative medicine use for treatment and prevention of late-life mood and cognitive disorders
Helen Lavretsky
Aging health. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 December 1.
PMCID: PMC2772166
Published in final edited form as: Aging health. 2009 February 1; 5(1): 61–78. doi: 10.2217/1745509X.5.1.61.
Manuscript: | Abstract | Full Text | PDF–102K |
13:
Brain foods: the effects of nutrients on brain function
Fernando Gómez-Pinilla
Nat Rev Neurosci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 January 12.
PMCID: PMC2805706
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 July; 9(7): 568–578. doi: 10.1038/nrn2421.
Manuscript: | Abstract | Full Text | PDF–1.5M |
14:
Brain-derived neurotropic factor and neurogenesis in the adult rat dentate gyrus: interactions with corticosterone
Scarlett B. Pinnock and Joe Herbert
Eur J Neurosci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 March 30.
PMCID: PMC2662436
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Neurosci. 2008 May; 27(10): 2493–2500. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06250.x.
Manuscript: | Abstract | Full Text | PDF–985K |
15:
Synapse Formation and Cognitive Brain Development: effect of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and other dietary constituents
R. J. Wurtman
Metabolism. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 October 1.
PMCID: PMC2578826
Published in final edited form as: Metabolism. 2008 October; 57(Suppl 2): S6–10. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.07.007.
Manuscript: | Abstract | Full Text | PDF–49K |
16:
THE NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF CALORIE RESTRICTION, THE KETOGENIC DIET, AND KETONE BODIES
Marwan A. Maalouf, Jong M. Rho, and Mark P. Mattson
Brain Res Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 September 1.
PMCID: PMC2649682
Published in final edited form as: Brain Res Rev. 2009 March; 59(2): 293–315. Published online 2008 September 25. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.09.002.
Manuscript: | Abstract | Full Text | PDF–405K |
17:
Lithium Increases Synapse Formation between Hippocampal Neurons by Depleting Phosphoinositides
Hee Jung Kim and Stanley A. Thayer
Mol Pharmacol. 2009 May; 75(5): 1021–1030. Published online 2009 February 2. doi: 10.1124/mol.108.052357.
PMCID: PMC2672813
18:
Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Modulates Hippocampal Development in the Pemt−/− Mouse
Kerry-Ann da Costa, Kiranmai S. Rai, Corneliu N. Craciunescu, Komal Parikh, Mihai G. Mehedint, Lisa M. Sanders, Audrey McLean-Pottinger, and Steven H. Zeisel
J Biol Chem. 2010 January 8; 285(2): 1008–1015. Published online 2009 November 4. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.017137.
PMCID: PMC2801227
19:
Pharmacological Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Is it Progressing Adequately?
Alfredo Robles
Open Neurol J. 2009; 3: 27–44. Published online 2009 April 2. doi: 10.2174/1874205X00903010027.
PMCID: PMC2684708
20:
Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting: Two potential diets for successful brain aging
Bronwen Martin, Mark P. Mattson, and Stuart Maudsley
Ageing Res Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 January 13.
PMCID: PMC2622429
Published in final edited form as: Ageing Res Rev. 2006 August; 5(3): 332–353. Published online 2006 August 8. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2006.04.002.
Manuscript: | Abstract | Full Text | PDF–468K |
21:
The role of ATP and adenosine in the brain under normoxic and ischemic conditions
F. Pedata, A. Melani, A. M. Pugliese, E. Coppi, S. Cipriani, and C. Traini
Purinergic Signal. 2007 September; 3(4): 299–310. Published online 2007 October 11. doi: 10.1007/s11302-007-9085-8.
PMCID: PMC2072927

martes, 25 de enero de 2011

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